G44190 is an alloy steel produced according to British standards.

Chemical Composition

Main Alloying Elements:

• Chromium (Cr): Content ranging from 12% to 30%. When the chromium content exceeds 18%, it is usually combined with about 8% nickel (Ni). Chromium significantly enhances the steel's corrosion resistance by forming a dense oxide layer on the surface, preventing further oxidation and corrosion of the internal metal.

• Molybdenum (Mo): A small amount of molybdenum improves the strength, hardness, and toughness of the steel, as well as its stability and corrosion resistance at high temperatures, improving its resistance to creep.

• Titanium (Ti): Titanium forms stable carbides with carbon, thereby fixing the carbon in the steel and preventing the formation of chromium carbides, which could result in chromium-depleted zones at grain boundaries, enhancing resistance to intergranular corrosion.

• Nitrogen (N): A moderate amount of nitrogen can improve the steel's strength and hardness while also enhancing its corrosion resistance.

Properties

• High Strength: By appropriately balancing alloying elements and employing suitable heat treatment processes, G44190 alloy steel achieves high strength, with a tensile strength typically between 370 MPa and 480 MPa and a yield strength of 260 MPa. It can withstand substantial external forces and loads, making it suitable for manufacturing mechanical parts and structural components that endure high stress.

• Good Toughness: It has good toughness, with an elongation (δ5%) reaching up to 25% and a reduction of area (ψ%) of 15%. This enables the steel to absorb energy during impact or vibration without sudden fracture, improving the reliability and safety of components.

• Excellent Corrosion Resistance: Due to the presence of high chromium and nickel, G44190 alloy steel has excellent resistance to various corrosive media. It performs well in oxidative acids, organic acids, and saline solutions, ensuring long-term use in harsh environments without corrosion damage.

• Good Machinability: This alloy steel offers good machinability, including forging, rolling, cutting, and welding processes. During machining, it is easy to achieve the desired shape and dimensional accuracy, and the surface quality after processing is excellent, improving production efficiency and reducing machining costs.

• Overall Excellent Performance: G44190 combines the benefits of both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels, offering excellent formability and weldability.

Applications

• Nuclear Industry: As an ultra-high-strength material, it is used in manufacturing structural components, pipes, and valves in nuclear reactors, capable of withstanding radiation, high temperatures, and high-pressure conditions, ensuring the safe operation of nuclear facilities.

• Aerospace Industry: Suitable for manufacturing critical components in aircraft engines, such as turbine blades, combustion chambers, and shafts, as well as key parts in aircraft structures like landing gear and wing beams. Its high strength and excellent corrosion resistance meet the strict material requirements of the aerospace sector, while also reducing component weight and enhancing aircraft performance.

• Automotive Industry: Used in manufacturing essential automotive engine parts like crankshafts, connecting rods, and gears, as well as high-strength structural parts in the car chassis. It improves vehicle performance and safety while extending the lifespan of components.

• Chemical Equipment: Due to its superior corrosion resistance, G44190 is frequently used in the manufacturing of chemical production equipment, including reactors, heat exchangers, towers, and pipelines. It can resist corrosion from various chemical media, ensuring the normal operation of chemical production, reducing maintenance and replacement frequencies, and lowering production costs.

• Other Industries: G44190 is also widely used in solar energy, metal products, home appliances, precision electronics, mechanical manufacturing, elevators, rail transportation, and pressure vessels. Applications include solar water heater tanks, metal furniture frames, appliance casings, components for precision electronics, molds for mechanical manufacturing, elevator rails, structural components in rail vehicles, and pressure vessel shells.

Production Processes

• Smelting: Advanced steel-making processes, such as electric arc furnace and converter steelmaking, are employed to precisely control the chemical composition and temperature of the molten steel, ensuring its purity and quality.

• Forging: The steel ingot is processed through forging, which improves its internal structure, making it more dense and uniform, enhancing both its strength and toughness.

• Rolling: Includes both hot rolling and cold rolling processes. Hot rolling deforms the steel at high temperatures, achieving the required size and shape while improving its mechanical properties. Cold rolling, performed at room temperature, enhances the steel's surface quality and dimensional accuracy, resulting in higher strength and hardness.

• Heat Treatment: Common heat treatment processes include annealing, quenching, and tempering. Annealing reduces hardness, improves ductility and toughness, and relieves internal stresses. Quenching increases hardness and strength but reduces toughness, necessitating subsequent tempering to restore a balance between hardness, strength, and toughness. Tempering eliminates quenching stresses and fine-tunes the mechanical properties.

In summary, G44190 is a high-performance alloy steel with a combination of strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. It demonstrates exceptional adaptability across various industries. With advanced smelting, forging, and heat treatment processes, this material not only meets demanding operating environments but can also be optimized through various machining methods to enhance overall performance and extend service life. As technology continues to evolve, the application range of G44190 is expected to expand further, providing reliable material support for high-end manufacturing fields.

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